Copper pipes remain a popular option for numerous applications, particularly water supply systems. They are a preferred choice because of their corrosion resistance, antibacterial properties, ability to cope with heat, excellent longevity, and resistance to ultraviolet (UV) rays.
There are a number of situations where it is necessary to join copper pipes together, notably in industrial production systems and water distribution systems. When it comes to joining copper pipes, three methods are outlined below.
1. Solder connection method
This method involves the use of a filler metal known as solder, together with a paste called flux. Soldering requires high heat and the plumber uses the melted solder to create a secure joint between the two pipes. Soldering leaves the copper intact but joins the pipes with the melted solder.
The melting point of the metal solder is around 450/500 degrees Fahrenheit. As the joint cools down, the solder becomes harder and creates a watertight seal.
Soldering tends to be used to join copper pipes that transport/distribute water. Brazing is a similar method that is used where greater joint strength is needed.
2. Compression fittings
These fittings can be used to join copper pipes together or to join a copper pipe to another fixture. They are a good choice for situations where solder is impractical or where the joint may need taking apart in the future. These compression fittings consist of three parts: a compression seat, a compression nut, and a compression ring (or ferrule).
The compression nut slides onto the end of the pipe, then the ferrule is added and it is screwed onto the compression fitting. The nut is tightened to create a watertight seal. Teflon tape can be added to the threads of a compression fitting to prevent any minor leaks.
3. Copper pipe connectors
Another compression method for joining pipes is to use copper pipe connectors. These are specially designed to allow easy connection where flexibility is needed or space is limited.
4. Flare fittings
This type of fitting is used primarily with soft copper pipes. It is very similar to a compression fitting in that it can be used either to join copper pipes to each other or to join a copper pipe to other fittings/fixtures. The major difference is that there is no ferrule. Instead, a special joint called a ‘union’ is used, which joins the flared ends of the copper pipes together.